Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) extract promotes motility, microscopic, and antioxidative parameters of ram semen during refrigerated storage

This study investigated the effect of spirulina ethanolic extract (SEE) on quality ram semen during low-temperature liquid storage and relationship between sperm features. Ejaculates were collected from five Djallonké rams, pooled, extended with Tris-egg yolk (TEY) enriched 0 (control), 20 (SEE20), 40 (SEE40), 80 µg/mL (SEE80) SEE to reach concentration 200×106 spz/mL, stored at 4 °C for 72 h. Extended samples assessed total motility, progressive motion characteristics, viability, membrane integrity, morphology 6, 24, 48 h storage. Moreover, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase, (SOD) catalase (CAT) levels measured The enrichment TEY µg/mL, improved motility (P